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	<title>Auto-constuire une maison écologique &#187; 2- Techniques de construction</title>
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		<title>Auto-constuire une maison écologique &#187; 2- Techniques de construction</title>
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		<title>Calculs d&#8217;ossature</title>
		<link>http://ecohabitat.wordpress.com/2007/05/07/calculs-dossature/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 09:17:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ecohabitat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2- Techniques de construction]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Attention ! cet   article est en cours d&#8217;expérimentation pour que vous puissiez disposer d&#8217;outils de calcul adaptés à vos besoins.
1- Calculer les efforts de triangulation dans une ferme
Utilisation d&#8217;un tableur
 2- Calculer une poutre en bois
Utilisation d&#8217;un tableur
       <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ecohabitat.wordpress.com&blog=882056&post=345&subd=ecohabitat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p><strong><font color="#ff0000">Attention ! </font></strong><font color="#ff0000">cet   article est en cours d&#8217;expérimentation pour que vous puissiez disposer d&#8217;outils de calcul adaptés à vos besoins.</font></p>
<p><strong>1- Calculer les efforts de tri</strong><strong>angulation dans une ferme</strong><br />
Utilisation d&#8217;un <a href="http://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=pCyVCZAcLsupWklhYYYurJA&amp;output=html">tableur</a></p>
<p><strong> 2- Calculer une poutre en bois</strong><br />
Utilisation d&#8217;un <a href="http://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=pCyVCZAcLsuq9_vC7H8ClVw&amp;output=html">tableur</a></p>
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		<title>Critères de choix des matériaux</title>
		<link>http://ecohabitat.wordpress.com/2007/05/07/criteres-de-choix-des-materiaux/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 00:07:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ecohabitat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2- Techniques de construction]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Choix des matériaux de construction

&#160;



 


Systèmes   incluant le respect
de la Création   et des générations futures




1- Fondations
 


- dés de fondation sous   vérins acier galvanisé diamètre 16mm
 éventuellement semelle filante en béton armé   largeur: 30cm
hors-gel : profondeur sous   niveau du terrain après réalisation : 60cm




2- Dalle [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ecohabitat.wordpress.com&blog=882056&post=42&subd=ecohabitat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Choix des matériaux de construction<br />
</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;">Systèmes   incluant le respect</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;">de la Création   et des générations futures</span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">1- Fondations</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- dés de fondation sous   vérins acier galvanisé diamètre 16mm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span> </span>éventuellement semelle filante en béton armé   largeur: 30cm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">hors-gel : profondeur sous   niveau du terrain après réalisation : 60cm</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">2- Dalle de rez-de-chaussée</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- dalle béton ou </span>de mortier   de chaux carrelée <span style="font-size:11pt;">ép 6cm en sur un   hérisson<span>  </span>de pierres rangées   d&#8217;épaisseur mini 40cm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- </span>film d&#8217;étanchéité<span style="font-size:11pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ permet de disposer d&#8217;une grande masse thermique   (inertie) pour stocker les apports solaires</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ la masse thermique nécessite une isolation périphérique   (fer de bêche de 50 cm de haut) par du liège ép100mm</span></em><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;">3- Murs </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;">- ossature</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;">- bardage extérieur</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   parement intérieur</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- bois de coffrage ou pin   Douglas tout venant (différentes largeurs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- bois de coffrage calibré   à 200 mm de large</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- châtaignier </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- volige 17mm brute ou rabotée ou à rainure languette</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- Red Cedar</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- bois réticulé</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- panneau de Triply<span style="font-size:11pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ bois de pays pour éviter les coûts énergétiques du   transport</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ traité au sel de bore,<span>  </span>traitement préventif appliqué par trempage</span></em><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- lambris usiné à partir de volige</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- lambris 10mm en pin du Nord ou des Landes</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- placoplâtre BA13mm</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- panneau de Triply<span style="font-size:11pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">4- Mur chauffants</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- maçonnerie lourde avec </span>mortier   de chaux aérienne,<span style="font-size:11pt;"> parcourue par un faisceau de tubes de cuivre verticaux piqués sur des collecteurs bas et hauts et reliés aux capteurs solaires et au générateur d&#8217;appoint.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- sable sec entre panneaux de placo BA15</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- briques de terre cuite</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- terre crue stabilisée (pisé)<span style="font-size:11pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">5- Charpente</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- ossature de planches pin   Douglas ou châtaignier</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">6 -Film pare pluie murs   extérieur et sous toiture<span style="font-size:11pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">- papier renforcé ciré</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">- film géotextile bituminé</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">7- Couverture</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- tuiles canal sur liteaux   et film sous couverture</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- ou mieux : tuiles type   GPS plein sud</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ évite de maçonner les rives et les faîtages</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- larges débords de toit   avec gouttières zinc</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">8- Planchers de l&#8217;étage</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">plancher béton sur voutins   de terre cuite</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">ou plancher sur solives de   pin douglas :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- sous-face en plaques de   plâtre BA13 ou lambris</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- sol : parquet de pin 22mm   ou dalle de béton de chanvre carrelé</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ plancher à solives : rempli d&#8217;isolation en</span></em><span style="font-size:11pt;"> <em>vrac pour   améliorer l&#8217;isolation acoustique et thermique</em></span></p>
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</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">9- Isolation </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- des murs extérieurs </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">des toitures </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">des conduits de fumée</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   copeaux de bois</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   ouate de cellulose insufflée ép175mm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   ou panneaux de laine de lin ou de chanvre ép 100mm + 50mm croisés</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   ou panneaux de liège ép 100mm + 40mm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">● pare vapeur </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">mêmes   isolants mais en 2 couches 100mm croisées, séparées par un vide d&#8217;air 20mm,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">● pare vapeur : film   réfléchissant</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ &#8211; matériaux renouvelables,</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.6pt;"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">- pas de produits chimiques toxiques,   ni de micro-fibres dans l&#8217;air intérieur de la maison</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0.6pt;">-plâtre et vermiculite<em><span style="font-size:11pt;"></span></em></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">10- Cloisons intérieures</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- plaques de plâtre double   alvéolées</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- plaques de plâtre ou   lambris sur ossature bois 50mm avec remplissage liège pour isolation   acoustique</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">11- Menuiseries</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">extérieures :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">intérieures :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- bois massif exotique   certifié FSC,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">ou mieux pin massif France</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">ouvrants 46mm &#8211; double   vitrage 20mm (4 – 12 – 4) ou 24mm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- volets bois massif </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">portes planes ou mieux à   panneaux en sapin massif</span></p>
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</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">12- Plomberie</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- canalisations cuivre</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ matériau très facilement recyclable, non issu du   pétrole</span></em></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">13- Chauffage</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">du bâtiment :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:25pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">de l&#8217;eau chaude sanitaire :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">● apports solaires passifs   :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   par de larges ouvertures au sud, </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   stockés dans la masse thermique,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   ouvertures équipées d&#8217;occultations isolantes : volets de bois massif avec   feuillures</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">● apports solaires par   capteurs pleins sud :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   stockés dans les murs chauffants</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   circulation par thermo-syphon sans régulation électronique ni circulateur</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.6pt;"><span style="font-size:11pt;">-   restitution par rayonnement des murs chauffants</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">● chauffage d&#8217;appoint : </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- à bois par chaudière,   cuisinière à pot bouilleur<span>  </span>insert à   eau chaude ou poëles</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- à défaut : pompe à   chaleur ou chaudière à gaz</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- ballon massal 300litres à   échangeur sur le circuit de chauffage</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- mélangeur thermostaté en   sortie du ballon</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ éviter l&#8217;eau très chaude dans les tuyaux</span></em><span style="font-size:11pt;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">14- Revêtements de sol</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- carrelages</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- plancher bois massif de   pays ép 25mm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- parquet ép 22mm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ matériau renouvelable, pas de colles chimiques   toxiques</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">15-Electricité</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- circuits encastrés, en   pieuvre uniquement (éviter les circuits à proximité des têtes de lits)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- boîtiers d&#8217;appareillage type à &#8220;placo&#8221;, mais bien étanchéifiés avec du mastic acrylique pour empêcher les poussières de l&#8217;isolant d&#8217;entrer.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ diminuer les champs électromagnétiques</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ utiliser des dispositifs limiteurs de champs</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ prévenir le passage des rongeurs dans le bâtiment   (aucun espace supérieur à 5mm)</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">● éventuellement : &#8211; production d&#8217;électricité par panneaux de cellules photovoltaïques insérés en toiture (angle 30°) et connectés à EDF</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ production directe par l&#8217;énergie solaire, double   compteurs achat et vente à EDF</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">- ou installation en 12V, avec équipement pour   camping car.</span></em></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">16-  Peintures</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- peintures à l&#8217;eau</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;">- ou mieux, peintures   traditionnelles à base d&#8217;huile de lin et pigments</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-size:11pt;">→ matériaux renouvelables, pas de solvants chimiques   toxiques</span></em></p>
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</table>
<p><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><br />
</span></p>
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